The October 2003 Chapter 168 meeting covered the history of Kieninger

At the February meeting, Carla Bosch gave a PowerPoint presentation titled “Friese klokken (Friesian clocks): history & evolution” to about 80 members and visitors. Carla explained that Friesian clocks are essentially wall clocks and were produced, by hand, from the late 17^th to the early 20th centuries, with production flourishing between 1825 and 1875. The first Friesian clock was probably made between 1670 and 1700, thought the maker and location is unknown. They were mainly produced by small (family) businesses in Friesland, one of the Dutch provinces. While Friesian clockmakers did produce table clocks and long case clocks, Carla’s talk focused on the two styles of clocks that are typically associated with Friesland, stoelklokken or stoeltjesklokken (stool clocks) and staartklokken (tail clocks).
	Michael Smith, President of Chapter 72 opens the meeting	Roger Little, President of Chapter 182 talks about holding a Regional in Canberra	Carla Bosch presents the Friesland clock
	Lantern clocks that were produced in Europe and England in the 14th-17th centuries influenced the style of the first type of Friesian clock, the stoelklok.	The movement of a stoelklok sits on a stool with four (bun) feet (hence the name) which sits on a bracket/shelf attached to a backboard fixed to the wall. This unit is a reproduction	The wide arc of the pendulum swing (wider than the back board) causes the pendulum to pop-up from behind the movement and this is characteristic of stoelklokken.
	Small decoratively painted mermaids were attached to dial plate Larger mermaids were attached to the backboard	It has a vertical verge escapement and a rather short pendulum	Staartklokken are also wall clocks but the pendulum, which is much longer than that of the stoelklok, is housed in a closed tail.
	This is the tail with ornate brass lenticle. They were produced between 1775-1900 and, in the main, had an anchor escapement	Carla went into detail about the variety of hood finials, dial characteristics, automata, and ornaments in the tail.	They usually came with a detailed painted landscape. By the end of the 19thC, most Friesian clockmakers closed “shop” The last closed in 1925